Lisp (historically, LISP) is a family of computer
programming languages fully parenthesized Polish prefix notation.
Originally specified in 1958, Lisp is the second-oldest high-level
programming language in widespread use today; only Fortran is older (by
one year). Like Fortran, Lisp has changed a great deal since its early
days, and a number of dialects have existed over its history. Today, the
most widely known general-purpose Lisp dialects are Common Lisp and
Scheme. Lisp was originally created as a practical mathematical notation
for computer programs. It quickly became the favored programming
language for artificial intelligence (AI) research. As one of the
earliest programming languages, Lisp pioneered many ideas in computer
science, including tree data structures, automatic storage management,
dynamic typing, conditionals, higher-order functions, recursion, and the
self-hosting compiler.
The name LISP derives from "LISt Processor". Linked lists are one of
Lisp's major data structures, and Lisp source code is itself made up of
lists. As a result, Lisp programs can manipulate source code as a data
structure, giving rise to the macro systems that allow programmers to
create new syntax or new domain-specific languages embedded in Lisp.
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